Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, is a modern surgical technique that utilizes small incisions and specialized instruments. Instead of the traditional large incisions used in open surgery, laparoscopic procedures involve inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera (laparoscope) through a small incision. This camera provides a live video feed to a monitor, allowing surgeons to visualize the surgical area in detail.

Key features of laparoscopic surgery include:

1. Small Incisions: Laparoscopic surgery involves making small incisions, usually less than an inch, compared to larger incisions in traditional open surgery.

2. Specialized Instruments: Surgeons use long, slender instruments specifically designed for laparoscopic procedures. These instruments are inserted through additional small incisions.

3. Reduced Trauma: Because of the smaller incisions, there is less trauma to surrounding tissues. This often results in less pain, faster recovery, and smaller scars.

4. Quicker Recovery: Patients typically experience a quicker recovery with less postoperative pain and a shorter hospital stay compared to open surgery.

5. Various Applications: Laparoscopic surgery is used in various medical fields, including gynecology, urology, gastroenterology, and general surgery. Common procedures include gallbladder removal, appendix removal, hernia repair, and certain gynecological surgeries.

6. Lower Infection Risk: Smaller incisions reduce the risk of infection and complications.